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AIEL 2025


40th Conference of the Italian Association of Labour Economics

Department of Economics, Management and Statistics (DEMS)
University of Milano-Bicocca

Milan, 18-20 September 2025

The Origins of the Gender Pay Gap: Education and Job Characteristics


Presenter

Marta De Philippis (Bank of Italy)


Coauthors

Giulia Bovini and Lucia Rizzica


Abstract

This paper analyzes the role that field of study choices and firm and job characteristics play in explaining gender pay gaps among university graduates at the beginning of their careers. We exploit a unique administrative population-wide dataset for Italy. We find that choices of university majors alone explain almost 60% of the early career gender pay gap, since women tend to graduate in fields that give access to lower-paying firms and jobs. Sorting across firms and jobs only accounts for 20% of the gap, indicating that its role is largely mediated by field specialization choices made while still in education.